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Is $100 Oil Cheap?

Casey Research LLC.
Chris Gilpin
November 09, 2007

Casey Files
The depletion of the world's cheap hydrocarbons is now a foregone conclusion.

The timing of when this goes from being a nuisance to a problem to a full-blown crisis is difficult to gauge, but peak oil, as an argument, is the correct argument. The U.S. reached its peak oil production in 1971, and I have no doubt that the world will do so within a generation, more than likely encouraged by more blunders in the Middle East.

Speaking as an investor, the question at this point is not 'will there be another energy crisis?' The question is 'how can I profit from it?' Below, Chris Gilpin from our Casey Energy Speculator research team gives you a better idea of why oil prices and energy stocks are headed higher, and how you might profit.

This is an important time to stop and check your premises on oil, because getting it right can be extraordinarily profitable.
Doug Casey
Chairman
Casey Research


Is $100 Oil Cheap?
Many market pundits wrote that $40 per bbl crude was expensive, that $60 crude was unsustainable, that $80 crude would never happen. But here we sit with oil over $90 and looking like it wants to take out $100.

We think it will, and then continue from there. Sure, crude may decline in the short term, with the surge of summer vacation driving behind us and with refineries reducing their intake of oil as they gear down for annual maintenance. But the sheer practicality of cars will keep them on the road in increasing numbers - in the U.S., China and anywhere else in the world where people increasingly have the means to buy one - or two, if they can swing it. Biofuels? A joke. The timeline may flex a bit - mid- to long-term - but the destination is clear: an energy crisis is brewing that could dwarf the one the United States faced in 1979-80.

On the bright side, what's bad for the country as a whole can be good for you. All you need is your money in the right place. Bunker and undisclosed location are optional. So what's the right place? Let's start with the big picture - the real one.

Spot events, like rebel uprisings in the oil fields of Nigeria or hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, tend to trigger short-term fluctuations in the oil market, while seasonal trends push storage levels of crude and gasoline up and down. The main engine pushing us toward crisis this time around is a different beast altogether. Simply put, the Earth is running out of that magic combination of oil that is both high quality and cheap to extract.

Twenty years ago, a dozen fields produced a million or more barrels of oil per day. Now there are four, and one of them, Mexico's Cantarell in the Bay of Campeche, is collapsing. Mexico's state-owned oil company, PEMEX, projects Cantarell's output will decline 14% per year from now on. That's the best-case scenario. 2006 actual production from the aging field actually fell 27%!

If PEMEX's worst-case forecast comes true, Cantarell will soon break below the million barrel a day, leaving the world with just three million-barrel-a-day fields by the end of this year.

Taking the place of these former big producing fields are deposits that are complicated and capital intensive. The tar sands of Alberta, oil shale in America, heavy oil in Venezuela and resources in the Arctic: all have the potential to add significantly to the world oil supply. They also point to the real problem. It is not a lack of oil that will trigger the next oil crisis; it is a lack of oil production capacity. This is a crucial distinction. Not all crude is created equal and the long lead-time necessary to ramp up production of such reserves prevents them from replacing the shortfall created by dwindling conventional (read: easy and inexpensive to extract) oil supplies.

Simply, non-conventional oil requires a new paradigm of prices. North Africa's conventional oil reserves can be pumped out of the ground for $4 per barrel. But the average cost in the tar sands is estimated at $28 per barrel, and oil shale costs can be upward of $40 per barrel. It doesn't take a genius to see that the more we are forced to rely upon non-conventional oil, the higher the prices will have to be.

And you know already that competition to buy that barrel is only going up. China and India are elbowing their way onto the global stage, and bidding for their share of Middle Eastern oil. A supertanker of crude is as popular as a New York taxi at rush hour; everyone is trying to wave it over their way.

We've reached a turning point in terms of the supply-demand fundamentals of crude. Even Chevron's CEO David O'Reilly recently announced, "One thing is clear: the era of easy oil is over."

Will the True Price of Crude Please Stand Up?
Your average economist will tell you that once you correct for inflation, crude prices reached their actual peak in 1980 during the energy crisis spurred by the Iran-Iraq war. From April to July of that year, a barrel of oil sold for US$39.50. Using the government consumer price index (CPI) numbers, that record-high price per per barrel is estimated at between US$90 - US$102 in today's dollars.

But those CPI numbers are highly suspect.

John Williams of Shadow Government Statistics (www.shadowstats.com) is one of several specialists who independently tracks financial data in an attempt to provide a more honest picture of the economy. Williams recalculates the CPI so that it is more of a continuum with its earlier versions - unlike the government, which fiddles the formula whenever it decides it needs to. If nothing else, undoing the many changes in the CPI formula over the years allows us to compare apples to apples on price inflation, rather than apples to genetically modified pumpkins.

Track the current CPI the way it was calculated in 1980, and today's inflation rate is about 7% higher than the current "official" CPI statistics. So, rather than inflation running at less than 3% as the government would like us to think, based on Williams' calculations it is really closer to 10%.

Casey Research's chief economist, Bud Conrad, has confirmed with his own calculations that indeed this figure is a much more truthful estimate of where inflation actually is. Using shadow stats, Bud has calculated the oil price history using the 1980 CPI method. It turns out that 1980 barrel of $39.50 crude is the equivalent of over $200 per barrel in today's anemic dollars.



Energy Stocks in an Energy Crisis
Another way to view the big picture is to examine the weighting of different sectors within the S&P500 over time. With his background in advanced mathematics, Casey Energy Speculator's chief investment strategist, Marin Katusa, has used this method successfully to assess market dislocations. Simply put, by looking at the relative size of the various components of the S&P 500 vis a vis each other in modern times, you can fairly readily see when certain sectors are significantly out of step with historical norms.

Viewing Marin's chart below, you can see the weighting of the energy sector grew most during the 1979-80 energy crisis, reaching a relative peak of almost 30%. Since that time, energy's share dropped for two decades since. Only recently, as energy prices have rebounded, so we again see the band for energy stocks widening again. Even so, other sectors have increased also, so that while energy stocks occupy a larger proportion of the S&P 500 than they did in 1999, they are still far from its former prominence.

Interestingly, the biggest run has been experienced by the financial sector, which has expanded from 5% to 20% in the last 30 years, catalyzed by the expansion of credit and lax governmental monetary policies. That trend now appears to be reversing.

It's also easy to see how the Internet bubble distorted the stock market. At that time, tech stocks rose to occupy over one third of the worth of the S&P. During the last energy crisis, the energy sector grew to a similar size. The current weighting of 9.3% demonstrates that energy stocks have yet to make their big run. The bull market has been good to all sectors, with only financials starting to take a hit, but, as the burgeoning energy crisis gains momentum, energy companies could very well regain the status that they held in 1979-80. It's also worth noting that there is a significant negative correlation between the energy and the financial services sectors. They move in opposite directions 79% of the time: that is, as one increases, the other decreases very nearly four out of five times. Mathematically speaking, that's one robust relationship. With financials reeling from the credit crunch, this technical indicator shows that energy stocks are poised to advance.



Make the Trend Your Friend
As the petroleum age reaches a tipping point, the United States, as the world's largest oil importer, is in an unenviable position. Individual investors need not be similarly disadvantaged, however. The first step to protect your wealth is to see the prices of crude oil and energy stocks in their proper historical context. Ninety dollars per barrel is not a peak price, for example; it is only a precursor of peak oil's influence.

The significant gains we've witnessed in certain energy stocks are nothing compared to the runs we will witness as the next energy crisis comes into full effect. Crude's rise doesn't rely on a new war with Iran, or a rash move from Venezuela's Chavez, although any of these things could speed up the timeline. Crude will move over $100 a barrel, and probably much further, on the basis of simple supply-and-demand fundamentals.

On any pull backs, smart investors should take every chance to position themselves in energy companies that possess a strong growth profile and the other requisites for turning undeveloped fields into profitable ventures. Many of these companies are still trading at a discount to their net present value, and it is these investments that will provide the greatest leverage to energy prices as the next crisis unfolds.

Casey Research LLC.
Chris Gilpin
November 09, 2007


Chris Gilpin is a member of the Casey Research, LLC. energy research team and a contributing editor to the Casey Energy Speculator, a monthly newsletter dedicated to unbiased reporting on rational speculations in the shares of small-cap companies targeting oil, gas, uranium and other energy sources... companies with the very real potential to offer 100% or better returns over a short time horizon.

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